A field shelter in an upland field of opium poppies in remote Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. As recently as 1998, Lao PDR was the third largest illicit opium poppy producer in the world. From 1998 to 2005, opium poppy cultivation in Lao PDR was reduced by 93 per cent. In more remote areas where cash crops are not viable, surveys from UNODC have shown that between 2008 and 2011 the area under opium poppy cultivation has doubled and continues to rise.